Thermodynamics Calculator

Calculate Gibbs free energy and determine reaction spontaneity

kJ/mol
J/mol·K
K

Calculated Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG):

Calculated ΔG will appear here

What is Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work that can be performed by a system at constant temperature and pressure. It combines enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) to predict whether a chemical reaction will occur spontaneously.

How to Use the Thermodynamics Calculator

Enter the enthalpy change (ΔH) in kJ/mol, entropy change (ΔS) in J/mol·K, and temperature in Kelvin (or Celsius). The calculator will compute the Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) and determine if the reaction is spontaneous, non-spontaneous, or at equilibrium.

Understanding ΔH, ΔS, and Temperature

Enthalpy (ΔH) represents the heat content of a system, entropy (ΔS) measures disorder, and temperature (T) affects the balance between them. The relationship ΔG = ΔH - TΔS shows how these factors combine to determine reaction spontaneity.

Predicting Reaction Spontaneity with ΔG

When ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous. When ΔG is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous. At ΔG = 0, the reaction is at equilibrium. This fundamental principle helps predict reaction feasibility and direction.

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